The story of the original Mercury 7 astronauts and their macho, seat-of-the-pants approach to the space program.
The Right Stuff (1983) Online
Tom Wolfe's book on the history of the U.S. Space program reads like a novel, and the film has that same fictional quality. It covers the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager to the Mercury 7 astronauts, showing that no one had a clue how to run a space program or how to select people to be in it. Thrilling, funny, charming and electrifying all at once.
Cast overview, first billed only: | |||
Sam Shepard | - | Chuck Yeager | |
Scott Glenn | - | Alan Shepard | |
Ed Harris | - | John Glenn | |
Dennis Quaid | - | Gordon Cooper | |
Fred Ward | - | Gus Grissom | |
Barbara Hershey | - | Glennis Yeager | |
Kim Stanley | - | Pancho Barnes | |
Veronica Cartwright | - | Betty Grissom | |
Pamela Reed | - | Trudy Cooper | |
Scott Paulin | - | Deke Slayton | |
Charles Frank | - | Scott Carpenter | |
Lance Henriksen | - | Wally Schirra | |
Donald Moffat | - | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
Levon Helm | - | Jack Ridley / Narrator | |
Mary Jo Deschanel | - | Annie Glenn |
The mysterious "fireflies" observed by John Glenn on his first orbital flight were actually tiny flakes of frost illuminated by sunlight. As the spacecraft orbited into darkness behind the Earth, the sub-zero temperatures caused condensation on its skin to freeze. When warmed by the sun on the other side of the orbit, the temperature change caused some of this frost layer to break free and to be illuminated by the sun. This was confirmed by astronaut Scott Carpenter on the next Mercury flight when he banged on the craft's side, causing more of the flakes to break free and become visible.
In the film, Alan Shepard says "Louise, I'm going to the moon, I swear to God. I'm on my way". Of the Mercury Seven, Shepard was the only one that did go there, on Apollo 14, becoming the fifth person to walk on the moon (and the only person to ever play golf on the moon) on February 5-6, 1971.
While several of the lead actors chose to meet their real-life counterparts, Scott Glenn elected not to meet with Alan Shepard. Scott said he wanted to get down Shepard's character and nuances by observation and by hearing others' points of view. After filming, the real Alan Shepard wrote Writer and Director Philip Kaufman and commented on Scott Glenn's "spot-on" performance - except for "not being nearly as good-looking as he was."
While filming the lung-capacity sequence - in which the seven original Mercury astronauts need to blow into individual tubes to keep toy balls suspended in a beaker and end up in a competition of physical stamina - the seven actors portraying the astronauts actually competed with each other for the same reason. Gordon Cooper was third, John Glenn was second and Scott Carpenter won (in the movie). In reality, Cooper - the astronaut portrayed by Dennis Quaid - was the only non-smoker among the seven original astronauts, and therefore possessed a far-greater lung capacity than any of the others.
This film contains the first realistic shots of a spacecraft re-entry. For long shots, Visual Effects Supervisor Gary Gutierrez used a small model of the Mercury capsule. This was coated with flammable material, ignited, and slid about one hundred feet down a wire toward the camera, which was protected with a sheet of Lexan. For close-up shots of the re-entry, no actual fire was used. The larger model capsule in these shots had liquid nitrogen pumped into it. This immediately evaporated, producing a fog of condensation, which escaped through a carefully placed ring of vents around the base of the capsule to form a flame-like pattern all around it. Then, to make the color right, the effect was simply filmed in orange light.
During the weekend of April 4, 1999, Gus Grissom's lost Liberty Bell 7 capsule was located and recovered on the ocean floor ninety miles northeast of the Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas. It underwent a restoration and went on a national tour before being placed in a permanent exhibit at the Cosmosphere, a space museum in Hutchinson, Kansas. The hatch, which many thought would have proved or disproved Grissom's contention that it blew open on its own, has not been recovered. Inside the capsule the restorers found a large number of Mercury dimes that Grissom had brought along as souvenirs. During the bar scene before Grissom's flight, two rolls of dimes can be seen on the bar.
The bartender who chews out Gordon Cooper, calling him a "rookie" and a "pud-knocker", is Florence 'Pancho' Barnes, and she is well within her rights to put Cooper in his place. Barnes earned her pilot's license in 1928. She flew solo, crashed a plane, held the women's world speed record (taking it from Amelia Earhart), and worked as a stunt pilot in Hollywood (see Hell's Angels (1930)), all before any of the Mercury 7 astronauts reached the tender age of ten-years-old. As a pioneering aviatrix, she was truly made of "the right stuff". Her story was told in a television movie, Pancho Barnes (1988), starring Valerie Bertinelli.
To create the space uniforms for the Mercury astronauts, the costume designers used silver fabrics and other materials left over from costumes for singer and actress Cher.
Original Composer John Barry left the film because he found it impossible to understand what Philip Kaufman wanted from the score, citing a meeting where Kaufman described his ideal score as "sounding like you're walking in the desert and you see a cactus, and you put your foot on it, but it just starts growing up through your foot."
In the bar scene before Gus Grissom's flight, Deke Slayton is underwater swimming with some girls. Gordo says. "Go get 'em Deke!" In reality, Deke couldn't swim and never told anyone. When the astronauts started underwater training at Scott Carpenter's suggestion, Deke sank to the bottom and had to be rescued. He subsequently practiced holding his breath underwater in his kitchen sink, according to his wife Marge.
Ed Harris had to audition twice for the role of John Glenn. It was in fact Harris who insisted on the second audition because he felt his first reading of the part wasn't good enough. After the second reading, he got the part.
Sam Shepard, who played legendary pilot Chuck Yeager, was actually afraid of flying.
When the astronauts are inspecting the space capsule (or "space craft") with Wernher von Braun and his team, Gus Grissom (Fred Ward) is quite insistent that the hatch have "explosive bolts". The purpose of explosive hatches is to allow the occupants of the capsule to escape easily. In 1967, while doing a routine test of the Apollo 1 capsule, Grissom and his two companions died when a fire broke out in the cabin. The men died mainly due to the fact that the hatch was not designed with explosive bolts.
When Ed Harris appeared in Apollo 13 (1995), as N.A.S.A. Flight Director Gene Kranz, it gave him the unique distinction of appearing with some of the same characters from The Right Stuff (1983) but played by different actors, like Deke Slayton (played by Chris Ellis in Apollo 13 (1995)). Others are mentioned but never seen like Alan Shepard and the late Gus Grissom. Harris also provided the voice of Mission Control in the space thriller Gravitatsioon (2013).
The "Happy Bottom Riding Club", which was owned and operated by Pancho Barnes, burned down in 1952. The remnants can still be seen today at Edwards Air Force Base.
The film plays down the rivalry between pilots, especially civilian (Scott Crossfield) and Air Force (Chuck Yeager). Yeager even writes in his autobiography that he thought Crossfield was arrogant, though a great pilot.
Actor, comedian, and impressionist Kevin Pollak provided the voice of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry.
Trudy Cooper did not actually say that she "wondered how they would've felt if every time their husband went in to make a deal, there was a one in four chance he wouldn't come out of that meeting". Writer and Director Philip Kaufman chose Mrs. Cooper to voice statements made by author Tom Wolfe. The book describes a twenty-three percent chance of a normal pilot dying during the course of a twenty-year career. The odds were higher at fifty-three percent for a test pilot.
It is generally believed that Gus Grissom was not at-fault in the real-life hatch-blowing incident on the Liberty Bell 7 capsule. Kickback from the manual activation switch caused a tell-tale bruise to form on the hand activating it, and Grissom never developed the bruise. Wally Schirra, at the end of his Mercury 8 space flight, deliberately activated his own hatch to demonstrate how the bruise formed and exonerate his comrade. The most likely explanation for Grissom's hatch blowing is that the external release lanyard came loose as it was only held in place with a single screw - a design that was changed to be more secure for subsequent flights. N.A.S.A. apparently believed in Grissom's innocence as well, as he remained in a prime rotation spot for subsequent Gemini and Apollo flights. There is also significant belief among astronauts of the time that, had he not been killed in the Apollo 1 fire, Grissom would have been the first man to walk on the moon.
During the newsreel segment when President John F. Kennedy gives Alan Shepard (Scott Glenn) a medal for his flight, in the background we can see Charles Frank as Scott Carpenter. When the angle reverses to actual archival footage of President Kennedy dropping the medal, he bends to pick it up, and the real Scott Carpenter and Gus Grissom are in the background.
According to Chuck Yeager, in his autobiography, it was not known that he broke the sound barrier until after they checked the Bell X-1 recording panel, and not when they heard the sonic boom, as shown in the movie. He still got his steak dinner for being the first to break the sound barrier though.
The music accompanying John Glenn's orbit of the Earth is actually a song written by an Inuit woman on the set of Philip Kaufman's The White Dawn (1974) that was orchestrated by Henry Mancini for that film.
The closing narration states that Gordon Cooper was "the last American ever to go into space alone". While true when the film was made, Mike Melvill in June and September 2004 and Brian Binnie in October 2004 went into space alone in Scaled Composites' SpaceShipOne (Not a N.A.S.A. spaceship or spaceflight). Binnie's flight was the day Gordon Cooper died.
The film eschewed the use of visual effects done in the lab. The decision was made to use methods pioneered by the Republic Pictures special effects team of Howard Lydecker and Theodore Lydecker, and used in such Republic theatrical serials as Radar Men from the Moon (1952) and Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe (1953). The shots of the Bell X-1 were accomplished using a model "flown" on a long wire rapidly passing by the camera utilizing a natural sky background enhanced by clouds created using special chemicals. The use of the model can be seen when the plane banks and turns as the ailerons never move.
Some were concerned that when this film was released it would help propel John Glenn, then a U.S. Senator from Ohio, into the Presidency. Newsweek Magazine had a cover story about it. Although Glenn ran for President in 1984, he lost the Democratic nomination to Walter Mondale.
The role of Annie Glenn was the first film role for Mary Jo Deschanel, the wife of Director of Photography Caleb Deschanel. Mary Jo and Caleb are the parents of Emily Deschanel and Zooey Deschanel.
Rick Springfield turned down a role in this film so that he could star in Hard to Hold (1984) instead. Springfield has stated that he greatly regrets this decision.
O-Lan Jones, the woman who tries to talk to Sam Shepard as he leaves Pancho's bar, but the bartender tells her that he's married, was actually married to Shepard at the time.
Tom Wolfe was unhappy with the film, because he felt it made too many changes to the book.
Hall of Fame lineman and Cincinnati Bengals player Anthony Muñoz has a cameo appearance in the movie as a nurse. His actual voice is dubbed over.
William Goldman was hired by Producers Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler to write the first draft of the screenplay. However, when Philip Kaufman came on as director, he disagreed with Goldman's adaptation, which discarded the story of Chuck Yeager, and concentrated on the Mercury 7 astronauts. Kaufman said, "I didn't want to make a film entirely about astronauts. I thought Yeager was the one who truly had 'the right stuff.'" (In his book "Adventures in the Screen Trade," Goldman calls his meeting with Kaufman "a nightmare.") Kaufman discarded Goldman's script, and wrote his own script. Goldman later said he disliked the final film, because he thought Kaufman portrayed Yeager as the only hero, while the rest of the astronauts only got lucky and didn't match up to him in any way.
Although Bill Conti's score won the Academy Award for "Best Music, Original Score" and suites based on the score were issued, no complete soundtrack album was released until 2009. That album was made from master tapes kept all that time by Conti, and unfortunately some suffered damage in the interim.
Pancho's was nicknamed "The Happy Bottom Riding Club". The real name was "Pancho's Fly Inn". Pancho had put in a dirt landing strip, with the intention that the place would serve as a motel for pilots who, on cross-country trips could fuel up, have a meal, and spend the night.
A running joke in the film is Gordon Cooper's ability to fall asleep during stressful events. During the training montage, Cooper is shown sleeping in the simulated capsule, as loud noises and flickering lights are going off all around him. At the end of the film, Cooper falls asleep in his space capsule on the launch pad. This is a nod to the fact that Cooper was the first American to sleep in orbit.
"Beeman's" is the lucky gum of pilots. It is a pepsin-flavored gum (the same flavor as candy cigarettes), and is still available for purchase online.
The aircraft carrier, used in the scene to introduce Alan Shepard, was the U.S.S. Coral Sea CV-43.
Scott Glenn was initially considered for the role of Chuck Yeager, but he expressed that he would rather play Alan Shepard, and was cast in that part instead.
The tune that Gordon Cooper was whistling while trying to masturbate, is the official anthem of the United States Air Force, simply titled: "The Air Force Song". He was attempting to drown out the man in the next stall, who was humming "The Marines' Hymn" (presumably, John Glenn, as Cooper guessed).
On Roger Ebert's list of Great Movies.
Ken Wahl, who previously starred in Writer and Director Philip Kaufman's The Wanderers (1979), was initially cast as Gordon Cooper. Dennis Quaid replaced Wahl, giving up an undisclosed role in The Outsiders (1983), which was being produced simultaneously.
Bill Conti was appointed so late in the production, he was scoring to the final cut of the film instead of a first cut with which composers are usually given to work.
First theatrical film of Kathy Baker.
The Permanent Press Corps are all played by members of Fratelli Bologna, a San Francisco theater troupe.
In the cookout scene at Edwards Air Force Base, Sam Shepard is seen playing catch with his son. Chuck Yeager's real life nephew, Steve, played Major League baseball as a catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers.
While they didn't play their namesakes, two of the actors playing astronauts share the same last name with two actual astronauts. They are Scott Glenn and John Glenn and Sam Shepard and Alan Shepard.
One whimsical aspect of the film is that whenever members of the press appear in a scene, an audio track of the sound of locusts appears in the background, indicative of the "feeding frenzy" of the reporters chasing the most popular source of news stories of the day.
The production was beset by fifteen mile per hour, dust-laden winds when they were filming at Edwards Air Force Base.
Last theatrical film of Kim Stanley.
Allegedly, Bill Conti wrote about three different scores for this film, the first consisting of his own original work, the second one featuring Gustav Holst's "The Planets" as inspiration. The third score written by Conti purely copied the film's temp track. which primarily used "The Planets" piece, under the condition that if Philip Kaufman used that portion of the score, he would have to credit Gustav Holst as the real composer. In the end, Kaufman and Conti compromised, using Conti's second score as the final score. In addition to "The Planets", the music score features other classical music pieces favored by Kaufman, such as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto in D major, Opus35. It also features the Air Force song, "Wild Blue Yonder", heard during the "Yeager's Triumph" sequence, and music composed by Henry Mancini for Kaufman's earlier film, The White Dawn (1974). In spite of the film's heavy use of music from various sources, Conti would go on to win the Oscar for Best Original Score.
Pancho's Fly Inn was eventually subject to a forced buy-out by the Air Force as part of a plan to put in an extremely long runway. As Pancho's was within a few degrees arc of the runway it was considered to be in the way and a danger to pilots who might veer off-course. A fierce legal battle took place, with Pancho losing on the grounds of eminent domain. The 1952 fire that destroyed the place happened during the course of the legal action. Some suspected that it was lost to arson perpetuated on behalf of the commander of Edwards Air Force Base, but this was never proven.
The scene where Lyndon Johnson said, "The Russians want our pecker in their pocket" was a variation of his oft-quoted statement, "I never trust a man till I have his pecker in my pocket."
While Fred Ward is more than eleven years older than Dennis Quaid, their characters Gus Grissom and Gordon Cooper were less than a year apart in age, the two youngest of the Mercury 7.
In the documentary Moon Shot (1994), Alan Shepard explained that it was at his suggestion that he urinate in the suit before he was launched. He said at first they didn't want him to do it, because it would short out everything. Shepard then suggested that they shut everything off, and then after he was dried out, they could turn it back on, to which they agreed.
At the end of the film, Chuck Yeager bails out of an experimental Air Force plane. This was the F-104 "Starfighter", which held the altitude and speed records for a jet until the SR-71 "Blackbird", a spy plane developed by Lockheed's "Skunk Works" under the command of Kelly Johnson. The Blackbird's speed record of Mach 3+ has never been beaten.
The film's opening and closing narration ("There was a demon that lived in the air...") is provided by Levon Helm, who plays Jack Ridley, Chuck Yeager's technician. Although the film gives the impression that Ridley was only a mechanic, in real-life, Ridley was a full-fledged aeronautical engineer who made significant design contributions and corrections to many early supersonic aircraft. Yeager often called him "the brains behind the whole X-1 test program."
The unexpected box-office failure of the film was considered one of the causes of the demise of The Ladd Company, despite the massive success of Police Academy (1984).
Features Sam Shepard's only Oscar nominated performance.
David Clennon who portrays a "liaison man", also appears in the space-themed From the Earth to the Moon (1998) portraying Dr. Lee Silver, who trains astronauts.
Included among the "1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die", edited by Steven Schneider.
American Airlines flight 1 crashed shortly after take off from Idlewild airport (now JFK) during the New York City ticker tape parade for John Glenn after his space flight.
At 50m 54s the guy behind the bar wearing a hat is Chuck Yeager himself.
In the late 1940s, Pancho's became a moderately popular tourist location for families from Los Angeles and the surrounding area. As an attraction, rodeos would be held on weekends. Another big draw was the motion-picture star Lassie, whose trainer regularly brought her there on a weekly basis for over a year to perform tricks for the kids.
An early press release announced that Ellen Barkin was cast in the film. Her part was eventually recast.
The film cast includes five Oscar nominees: Sam Shepard, Ed Harris, Kim Stanley, Jeff Goldblum, and Barbara Hershey.
Sergei P. Korolev masterminded the Sputnik launch, the world's first artificial satellite. The Sputnik launch was also dramatized in Raudhiiglane (1999) and October Sky (1999).
The only Best Picture Oscar nominee that year not to be nominated in any of the writing categories.
The only Best Picture Oscar nominee that year to be also nominated for Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Cinematography.
Jeff Goldblum's recruiter character asks Harry Shearer's character, "There aren't any snakes around here are there?" That same year in The Big Chill (1983), while out walking on Harold's property, Jeff's character is asked by Kevin Kline whether he's afraid of snakes.
Included among the American Film Institute's 1998 list of the 400 movies nominated for the Top 100 Greatest American Movies.
Scott Wilson who played Scott Crossfield who was not chosen for the astronaut program because he was a civilian pilot played military characaters in Pearl Harbor released in 2001( General George C Marshal 2001) and Navy Seal Commanding Officer Salem in G.I. Jane (1997).
Chuck Yeager: The legendary pilot appears as Fred, the elderly bartender in Pancho's bar. Yeager said this was appropriate because "if all the hours were ever totalled, I reckon I spent more time at her place than in a cockpit over those years."
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